High Yield Medical Reviews

The Use of Renal Artery Denervation in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Review of Literature

Qutaiba Shudayfat — 2025-06-01

Renal denervation (RDN) is a minimally invasive procedure by which ultrasound guided ablation or radiofrequency ablation is used to target sympathetic nerves within the walls of renal arteries causing a decrease in their activity and consequently, a reduction in the patient’s blood pressure. Although RDN has emerged as a novel therapy for the treatment of resistant hypertension (HTN), its indication spectrum and new therapeutic options are still broadening. HTN remains the main risk factor for the development and maintenance of many cardiovascular diseases including AF. Therefore, initial findings suggest that renal artery ablation proposes to be an innovative intervention in the treatment of AF through the precise targeting of efferent sympathetic and afferent sensory renal nerve signaling, selectively ablating the renal sympathetic nerves. Nevertheless, the efficacy and long-term results of RDN continues to be the focus of ongoing investigation and exploration.

Cranial Nerve Zero: A Comprehensive Review of Literature

Jawad Shitawi — 2025-06-01

Though it was definitively recognized over a century ago as an extra cranial nerve in humans, cerebral nerve 0 (CN 0) is still mostly absent from contemporary anatomy textbooks. Since the nerve's fibers were first observed entering the brain in the lamina terminalis of the species under examination, the nerve is known as the nervus terminalis. Since the CN 0 has been shown to secrete luteinizing hormone, it is assumed that the CN 0 is involved in reproductive activity. Because of its connection to the hypothalamic kisspeptin neuronal circuitry, CN 0 raises clinically important issues about the relationship between the system and neuropsychiatric symptoms and disorders, as well as the function of disruptions in this relationship.

Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Model Powered Literature Review Services

Ayman Musleh — 2025-06-01

Large language model (LLM) tools are transforming the way evidence is retrieved by converting natural language prompts into quick, synthesized outputs. These platforms significantly reduce the time required for literature searches, making them more accessible to users unfamiliar with formal search strategies. A close evaluation of four prominent platforms—Undermind.ai, Scite.ai, Consensus.app, and OpenEvidence—highlights both notable advantages and ongoing limitations. Undermind and Consensus utilize the extensive Semantic Scholar database of over 200 million records, Scite enhances results with “Smart Citations” that indicate supportive or opposing references, and OpenEvidence applies a medically-focused LLM trained on licensed sources, including the complete NEJM archive. Despite their benefits, key limitations persist: opaque algorithms, inconsistent responses to identical queries, paywalls or sign-up barriers, and incomplete recall that may compromise systematic reviews. To support critical appraisal, we outline essential information-retrieval metrics—including recall, precision, F1-score, mean average precision, and specificity—and provide open-source code. Until validated, transparent evaluations demonstrate consistently high recall, these tools should be viewed as rapid, first-pass aids rather than replacements for structured database searches required by PRISMA-compliant methodologies.

Top 100 Most-Cited Studies in Pancreas Transplantation Research: A Comprehensive Review

Haneen Al-Abdallat — 2025-06-01

Introduction: The number of citations is a useful metric to assess the academic influence and significance of publications in a particular research field. Despite the existence of numerous bibliometric studies in diverse medical fields, a focused, detailed analysis of highly cited articles in pancreatic transplantation is still lacking. The main goal of this research is to identify and evaluate the 100 most-cited articles in pancreatic transplantation.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the Scopus database for pancreas transplantation-related articles published until February 10,2025. The 100 most-cited articles out of 2,287 identified were chosen for bibliometric analysis. Examining key variables such as citation counts, publication years, trending topics, contributing authors, countries, and journals.

Results: The majority of the top 100 cited articles were authored by U.S.-based researchers and published in the journals "Transplantation," "Annals of Surgery," and "American Journal of Transplantation." The primary areas of research emphasis encompassed in the present research were graft rejection, graft survival, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions: The present study serves as a valuable resource for researchers, identifying influential works in the field of pancreatic transplantation. The citation counts of these articles underscore their impact and contributions within the field, providing an excellent starting point for further research.

Physical Trauma and Demyelinating Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ahmad Toubasi — 2025-06-01

Background

Although several observational studies investigated the relationship between physical trauma and demyelinating diseases, the relationship is still controversial in the literature. Thus, we decided to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this relationship.

Methods

On the 22^nd of June 2023, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and CENTRAL were searched using terms about demyelinating diseases and physical trauma. Studies were included if they investigated the association between physical trauma and the development of a demyelinating disease.

Results

The total number of the included participants was 2,411,312 from 57 articles. The analysis showed that physical trauma was significantly associated with higher odds of demyelinating disease development (OR=2.51; 95%CI: 1.87-3.37). In addition, both childhood and premorbid traumas were significantly associated with increased risk of demyelinating diseases (OR=2.97; 95%CI: 2.64-3.35, OR=3.51; 95%CI: 2.97-4.14). Fractures (OR=3.17; 95%CI: 2.85-3.52), head (OR=3.61; 95%CI: 2.84-4.59), and spinal traumas (OR=9.06; 95%CI: 1.21-68.01) were significantly associated with increased risk of demyelinating diseases as well.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we found a significant association between physical trauma and the risk of developing demyelinating diseases. However, several gaps in the literature should be addressed by future studies including the low number of studies investigating demyelinating diseases other than MS.